CENTRIFUGATION.
DRAFT COPY ONLY.
(Procedure 92).
http://www.netautopsy.org/axsop/axsop092.htm


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United States Government Work, uncopyrighted, public-domain, DRAFT COPY ONLY. This document does not necessarily represent the views or policies of any United States Government agency. This document is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. In no event shall the authors be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of, or in connection with the document or the use or other dealings made with the document.



PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST.

      Centrifugation can be done for any of three purposes: to make cell spreads; to separate cells from their debris laden solution; or to form a cell concentrate for surgical pathology embedding.



SPECIMEN REQUIRED.

      Gynecologic cytology and non-gynecologic cytology specimens, with a filled-out Tissue Examination Form (SF-515) for non-gynecologic cytology specimens, and Gynecologic Cytology Form (SF-541) for gynecologic cytology specimens.



REAGENTS, INSTRUMENTATION.

      Cyto-Lyte Vial with specimen. Centrifuge.





STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION.




1. CENTRIFUGATION can be done for any of the three purposes:
1. To obtain a cell concentrate (pellet), from which to make cell spreads.

2. To separate cells from their debris-laden solution, prior to filtration.

3. To form a cell concentrate, or "button", for surgical pathology paraffin embedding methods.




2. EFFECT OF CENTRIFUGATION ON CELLS:


      Although of little observable significance in exfoliative cytology, several effects of centrifugation on the quality and quantity of cells have been described. Reduction in numbers of cells always occurs. It may be caused by one of the following factors:
1. Rupture of delicate, senescent, or degenerate cells by shear stresses.

2. Impaction along the wall of the centrifuge tube, or "walled effect".

3. Inadequate centrifugal force, thereby causing some cells to suspend in the supernate.


      4. Damage to the cellular morphology by centrifugal force is seen primarily in the cytoplasm of the cells. Cells thus damaged can exhibit ragged cytoplasmic borders. In turn, these borders can cause cells to clump secondarily. The presence of protein in some specimens largely protects against these effects.